Brain fog, inability to focus? Get a Comprehensive Look at What Causes Brain Fog and How to Overcome It
Brain fog is an all too common phenomenon that many of us suffer from. For many, the struggle to concentrate, remember things, and stay focused is real. Brain fog and fatigue are common symptoms of many chronic health conditions. (1) Fortunately, there are ways to help combat the effects of brain fog. In this article, we will be taking a comprehensive look at what causes brain fog and how to overcome it. We'll cover strategies for alleviating brain fog, from lifestyle changes to dietary supplements. With the right tools and tips, you can feel better quickly.
What are the signs of having brain fog?
- Difficulty concentrating, slow thinking
- Poor short-term memory, in a way that you can't recall the details from your last conversation
- Trouble finding the right words
- Difficulty multitasking; completing complex tasks seems quite challenging
- Feeling overwhelmed or confused
- Disorganization and lack of focus, feeling easily distracted,
- Exhaustion and fatigue
- Poor decision making
- Problems with planning or organization
- Poor body coordination
Many people fear this may be part of a cognitive decline or a more serious neurological condition. But the actual reasons for brain fog could stem from somewhere else in the body.
Common Causes of Brain Fog
Brain fog is a common symptom that relates to many health conditions.
Inflammatory diet: Eating processed foods and refined carbohydrates can lead to blood sugar spikes and crashes, which can cause brain fog.
Chronic stress: High-stress levels can impair memory and focus and tax your adrenal function, leading to brain fog. (2)
Lack of Sleep: Not getting enough sleep can affect your ability to concentrate and remember things.
Dehydration: Dehydration can impair your cognitive function, leading to brain fog.
Lack of physical exercise: Endorphins and brain glucose and oxygen rise with exercise. It also reduces cortisol and promotes brain cell growth. Exercise may be the best approach to enhancing brain health and function. (3)
Hormonal Imbalance: Hormonal imbalances, such as those related to menopause or thyroid disorders, can cause brain fog. (4)(5)
Medications: Certain medications, such as antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs, can lead to brain fog.
Nutrient Deficiencies: Vitamin B12 (6), iron, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acid (7) deficiencies can all lead to brain fog.
Gut imbalances: Dysbiosis (an imbalance between the "good and the bad gut bugs") (8), or other gut conditions like IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease like Crohn's disease (9)), SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth) (10), Celiac disease (11), and even non-celiac gluten sensitivity (12), Candida overgrowth, a Leaky gut (13)- they can all cause inflammation.
Other health conditions that can cause brain fog:
- Chronic viral infections, even 'Post-Covid syndrome' (14)
- Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) (15)
- Mast cell disorders & Histamine intolerance (16)
- Environmental toxins (like mold toxicity and heavy metals)
- Neurodegenerative disorders
- Other autoimmune diseases (Multiple Sclerosis (17), Hashimoto, etc.)
It is essential to know that, most of the time, multiple factors contribute to brain fog.
But one common reason that can affect your cognitive function is inflammation which happens with many health conditions. (18)
Can brain fog be diagnosed?
Brain fog is not a medical condition, so there is no specific medical test for it. It is a term used to describe various symptoms, such as difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, fatigue, and difficulty focusing. However, cognitive assessments can be used to assess, evaluate, and diagnose brain fog. Other tests, such as the Brain Fog Symptoms Quiz or a physical and neurological exam, may also measure symptoms. (19)
How to Beat Brain Fog
Investigating and addressing underlying factors can be crucial to eliminate brain fog. Working with a practitioner to have some tests done can be needed to get closer to the solution.
But let's see a few strategies how you can do to support your brain health:
Diet
- Eat a nutrient-dense diet: Focus on eating a variety of anti-inflammatory, nutrient-rich whole foods such as grass-fed protein sources, healthy fats (like avocado, extra virgin olive oil, ghee butter, etc.), complex carbohydrates, and plenty of fresh and colorful fruits and vegetables.
Including foods high in flavonoids and/or omega-3s (7):
-
-
- Dark chocolate
- Fatty fish, like salmon and trout
- Shellfish, like shrimp, clams, and scallops
- Chia seeds
- Walnuts
- Citrus fruits
- Avocados
- Berries, including cranberries, blueberries, and strawberries
- Leafy greens, including spinach and broccoli
- Avoid processed foods: Processed foods are often high in sugar, additives, and unhealthy fats, leading to brain fog and other adverse health effects. It is especially true for omega-6-containing vegetable oils like sunflower, safflower, or canola.
-
Avoid your personal triggering foods. Each person is different with various tolerance to foods. Sometimes, a short-term (6-8 weeks) elimination diet can help find the triggering foods. Getting stuck on any elimination diet may cause further complications like nutrient deficiencies, undereating, food fear, etc. Therefore, working with a practitioner and creating an exit strategy is crucial.
Find out how you tolerate caffeine: We tend to run on coffee, yet it may be the culprit of sleeplessness, stress, anxiety, and even panic attacks. Try to consume coffee before midday and possibly after a meal.
Ensure to stay hydrated throughout the day: Dehydration can lead to mental fatigue and worsen brain fog. You can mineralize your water if you add trace mineral drops or Himalayan or sea salt to drinking water or create infused waters by mixing it with fruits, vegetables, and herbs. If you use a water filter at home (which I highly recommend), add an alkalization stage in the reverse osmosis process to increase nutrient levels and hydrate your cells.
Master your lifestyle
Sticking to healthy habits can help you improve your brain and overall health.
Prioritizing sleep
No question about the importance of sleep. During sleep, your brain detoxifies debris, processes memories, and creates new brain cells.
A regular sleeping schedule can help regulate your internal clock (circadian rhythm). If you have many rushing thoughts at night, try journaling before sleep or taking a relaxing bath with Epsom salt and essential oils. Reducing coffee intake or limiting it to the morning can also help decrease insomnia.
Get regular exercise
Exercise can increase oxygen flow and glucose metabolism and reduce the stress hormone cortisol. Exercise has also been shown to reduce inflammation and improve the gut microbiome. You don't need to do vigorous exercise to move your body. Gently forms of exercise like yoga, pilates, and stretching can all work. Daily walks can be one of the simplest exercise forms for some people. Even standing up frequently from sitting can help stimulate the brain.
Practice stress management techniques
Stress damages your brain cells, but not only has an effect on the brain, but it has severe consequences on the whole body. It shuts down digestion, immune response, reproductive organs, and all other body functions that are less important in a "survival situation" (flight-fright response). Therefore, you may need to find mind-body practices to help you deal with stress consciously. Anything that makes you feel calm can work to reduce your stress levels. Some people love meditation, but Diaphragmatic breathing, journaling, or gardening may be more therapeutic for others.
Reduce toxins in your home
Unfortunately, we live in a world surrounded by toxins, so supporting your detoxification pathways and reducing toxins in your home is crucial.
Switching to natural cleaning and beauty products can be a significant first step. Ditching artificial air fresheners and scented candles to essential oils, Using a HEPA air filter to reduce the toxin load.
Support your gut health
Eliminating triggering foods and infections and reducing inflammation can do wonders. According to studies, probiotics were found to help reduce brain fog. (20)(21)
Supplements
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish, nuts, and certain plant oils are critical for proper brain function. Studies have found that omega-3s can help reduce inflammation, improve cognitive function, and even prevent cognitive decline.(7)(22)
Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that helps to maintain healthy nerve cells and red blood cells. It is also involved in the production of DNA and RNA, and it helps to regulate mood and energy levels. Low vitamin B12 can contribute to brain fog, so a supplement can help boost mental clarity. (6)
Ginkgo Biloba: Ginkgo biloba is an ancient herb used for centuries to treat various ailments. It has been shown to improve memory, concentration, and mental alertness, making it helpful for those experiencing brain fog. (23)(24)
Rhodiola Rosea: Rhodiola rosea is an adaptogenic herb that has been used for centuries to treat fatigue and stress. Studies have found that it can help reduce fatigue, improve mental clarity, and enhance cognitive performance. (25)
Curcumin, the active ingredient in turmeric, has been shown to support brain health and improve mood and memory function. It can stimulate the brain hormone BDNF, which can boost and preserve neurons, combat oxidative stress, and possess anti-inflammatory properties, which may help with symptoms of brain fog. (26)
Acetyl L-carnitine (ALCAR) has been shown to help in the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter associated with memory and cognitive function. Studies have also found that ALCAR can slow brain-related aging and decline, as well as alter brain energy metabolism and increase noradrenaline and serotonin content in healthy mice. Additionally, ALCAR has been found to boost acetylcholine, shield the brain against oxidative stress, increase serotonin levels, and minimize the cellular waste produced during ATP processing. (27)
The bottom line
Brain fog is a term used to describe a lack of mental clarity, difficulty concentrating, and generally feeling unwell. A variety of physical and mental health conditions, such as depression, stress, and chronic fatigue syndrome, can cause it. Treatment for brain fog often involves lifestyle changes, such as getting enough sleep, eating a balanced diet, and exercising regularly. But suppose you don't see improvement with these lifestyle changes. In that case, it may be the time to get support in your healing journey to identify any underlying causes and get tailored treatment options to resolve brain fog for good.
- Ocon A. J. (2013). Caught in the thickness of brain fog: exploring the cognitive symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Frontiers in physiology, 4, 63. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00063
- Karl, J. P., Margolis, L. M., Madslien, E. H., Murphy, N. E., Castellani, J. W., Gundersen, Y., Hoke, A. V., Levangie, M. W., Kumar, R., Chakraborty, N., Gautam, A., Hammamieh, R., Martini, S., Montain, S. J., & Pasiakos, S. M. (2017). Changes in intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism coincide with increased intestinal permeability in young adults under prolonged physiological stress. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 312(6), G559–G571. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00066.2017
- Petersen, A. M., & Pedersen, B. K. (2005). The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 98(4), 1154–1162. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00164.2004
- Gava, G., Orsili, I., Alvisi, S., Mancini, I., Seracchioli, R., & Meriggiola, M. C. (2019). Cognition, Mood and Sleep in Menopausal Transition: The Role of Menopause Hormone Therapy. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 55(10), 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100668
- Ettleson, M. D., Raine, A., Batistuzzo, A., Batista, S. P., McAninch, E., Teixeira, M. C. T. V., Jonklaas, J., Laiteerapong, N., Ribeiro, M. O., & Bianco, A. C. (2022). Brain Fog in Hypothyroidism: Understanding the Patient's Perspective. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 28(3), 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2021.12.003
- Jatoi, S., Hafeez, A., Riaz, S. U., Ali, A., Ghauri, M. I., & Zehra, M. (2020). Low Vitamin B12 Levels: An Underestimated Cause Of Minimal Cognitive Impairment And Dementia. Cureus, 12(2), e6976. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6976
- Orchard, T. S., Gaudier-Diaz, M. M., Weinhold, K. R., & Courtney DeVries, A. (2017). Clearing the fog: a review of the effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids and added sugars on chemotherapy-induced cognitive deficits. Breast cancer research and treatment, 161(3), 391–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-016-4073-8
- Sun, M. F., & Shen, Y. Q. (2018). Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in Parkinson's Disease. Ageing research reviews, 45, 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.004
- van Langenberg, D. R., Yelland, G. W., Robinson, S. R., & Gibson, P. R. (2017). Cognitive impairment in Crohn's disease is associated with systemic inflammation, symptom burden and sleep disturbance. United European gastroenterology journal, 5(4), 579–587. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640616663397
- Rao, S. S. C., Rehman, A., Yu, S., & Andino, N. M. (2018). Brain fogginess, gas and bloating: a link between SIBO, probiotics and metabolic acidosis. Clinical and translational gastroenterology, 9(6), 162. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41424-018-0030-7
- Yelland G. W. (2017). Gluten-induced cognitive impairment ("brain fog") in coeliac disease. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 32 Suppl 1, 90–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13706
- Volta, U., Bardella, M. T., Calabrò, A., Troncone, R., Corazza, G. R., & Study Group for Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (2014). An Italian prospective multicenter survey on patients suspected of having non-celiac gluten sensitivity. BMC medicine, 12, 85. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-12-85
- Morris, G., Fernandes, B. S., Puri, B. K., Walker, A. J., Carvalho, A. F., & Berk, M. (2018). Leaky brain in neurological and psychiatric disorders: Drivers and consequences. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 52(10), 924–948. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867418796955
- Asadi-Pooya, A. A., Akbari, A., Emami, A., Lotfi, M., Rostamihosseinkhani, M., Nemati, H., Barzegar, Z., Kabiri, M., Zeraatpisheh, Z., Farjoud-Kouhanjani, M., Jafari, A., Sasannia, S., Ashrafi, S., Nazeri, M., Nasiri, S., & Shahisavandi, M. (2022). Long COVID syndrome-associated brain fog. Journal of medical virology, 94(3), 979–984. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27404
- Ross, A. J., Medow, M. S., Rowe, P. C., & Stewart, J. M. (2013). What is brain fog? An evaluation of the symptom in postural tachycardia syndrome. Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society, 23(6), 305–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-013-0212-z
- Conti, P., D'Ovidio, C., Conti, C., Gallenga, C. E., Lauritano, D., Caraffa, A., Kritas, S. K., & Ronconi, G. (2019). Progression in migraine: Role of mast cells and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. European journal of pharmacology, 844, 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.12.004
- Dopkins, N., Nagarkatti, P. S., & Nagarkatti, M. (2018). The role of gut microbiome and associated metabolome in the regulation of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis and its implications in attenuating chronic inflammation in other inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Immunology, 154(2), 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.12903
- Jones, K. A., & Thomsen, C. (2013). The role of the innate immune system in psychiatric disorders. Molecular and cellular neurosciences, 53, 52–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2012.10.002
- Lynch, S., Ferrando, S. J., Dornbush, R., Shahar, S., Smiley, A., & Klepacz, L. (2022). Screening for brain fog: Is the montreal cognitive assessment an effective screening tool for neurocognitive complaints post-COVID-19?. General hospital psychiatry, 78, 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.07.013
- Kim, C. S., Cha, L., Sim, M., Jung, S., Chun, W. Y., Baik, H. W., & Shin, D. M. (2021). Probiotic Supplementation Improves Cognitive Function and Mood with Changes in Gut Microbiota in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 76(1), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa090
- Lv, T., Ye, M., Luo, F., Hu, B., Wang, A., Chen, J., Yan, J., He, Z., Chen, F., Qian, C., Zhang, J., Liu, Z., & Ding, Z. (2021). Probiotics treatment improves cognitive impairment in patients and animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 120, 159–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.027
- Wysoczański, T., Sokoła-Wysoczańska, E., Pękala, J., Lochyński, S., Czyż, K., Bodkowski, R., Herbinger, G., Patkowska-Sokoła, B., & Librowski, T. (2016). Omega-3 Fatty Acids and their Role in Central Nervous System - A Review. Current medicinal chemistry, 23(8), 816–831. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160122114439
- Li, S., Zhang, X., Fang, Q., Zhou, J., Zhang, M., Wang, H., Chen, Y., Xu, B., Wu, Y., Qian, L., & Xu, Y. (2017). Ginkgo biloba extract improved cognitive and neurological functions of acute ischaemic stroke: a randomised controlled trial. Stroke and vascular neurology, 2(4), 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1136/svn-2017-000104
- Kaschel R. (2009). Ginkgo biloba: specificity of neuropsychological improvement--a selective review in search of differential effects. Human psychopharmacology, 24(5), 345–370. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.1037
- Panossian, A., Wikman, G., & Sarris, J. (2010). Rosenroot (Rhodiola rosea): traditional use, chemical composition, pharmacology and clinical efficacy. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 17(7), 481–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2010.02.002
- Zheng, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Guan, J., Liu, Y., & Fu, J. (2021). Curcumin protects against cognitive impairments in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion combined with diabetes mellitus by suppressing neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. International immunopharmacology, 93, 107422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107422
- Smeland, O. B., Meisingset, T. W., Borges, K., & Sonnewald, U. (2012). Chronic acetyl-L-carnitine alters brain energy metabolism and increases noradrenaline and serotonin content in healthy mice. Neurochemistry international, 61(1), 100–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2012.04.008